tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31291791870195797832024-03-05T19:42:00.685-08:00Sable SoldiersDiscussion on books, articles, and other resources related to the black military experience during America's formative years. Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-63377155548190066422020-09-30T18:38:00.010-07:002020-09-30T18:52:59.633-07:00Africans at the Battle of Germantown (Reprint)<p><br /></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-18d0a6fa-7fff-3c8c-4fee-f243fde160ed"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.nedhector.com/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="212" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKKPWvNzYW8cLvXm0tRlrDNUrE9jcFYYkOCM8n1By1oCTpKGrFw-iYMCdTqAyvV8XAB_SFq4iJ0rFCXxVPq6n_gMqY81F1D4JwAU2NjMmMtalzDg4NKEwi_l3CLJ1hm0n3TLki4XWg_Pg/w150-h300/ned+hector.jpg" width="150" /></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/joe.becton.9" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1728" data-original-width="1296" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgtKPtgEAySI8K4wOLRrCViR4Z1vTdhekF_DMvggxLntz3Yo3f9VpToYPenal04tc6ZFk7Sc_t8aJctm8NTXo3u2bDpq0wOmIM4sVpDrUxbP3RkvirsE33o1mWbyYGpqIp5wPcKfpGBI4/w210-h280/joe.jpg" width="210" /></a><table><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: right;"></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Joe Becton<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> N</span><span>oah Lewis</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.cliveden.org/revolutionary-germantown-festival/" target="_blank"><i><b>Meet the Authors at the Revolutionary Germantown Festival</b></i></a></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> As you stand here waiting to see or watching the Battle of Germantown Reenactment, you might think back to how it must have been. Think not only on the leaders and weapons, but also the everyday people. People perhaps much like yourself. It was a diverse force, a conglomeration of many kinds of people. The man in whose house the fighting is taking place, is a well to do Judge Benjamin Chew. “This day, these armies, are comprised of German, Irish, Polish, Scottish, English, French, as well as many others”. Among these forces are people of African origins.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This war was not to end slavery. Independence did not mean freedom and Africans still volunteered.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Army offered:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Money $6 2/3 Dollars a month </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Cash Bounty on enlistment </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Food </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O A new suit of Clothes </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Social Status </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Travel </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O Land Bounty at the end of the war</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although these Africans had the strong desire for freedom, what nurtured that desire, varied. Africans could serve the American army in at least four ways.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Freeman: </span></p></span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span><p style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ned Hector. of the Proctor’ s 3rd Pennsylvania Artillery</span></p></span></blockquote><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Runaway/escaped slaves: </span></p></span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Peter Williams New Jersey escaped from his loyalist owner </span></p></span><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Job Lott 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> North Carolina “came over from the British with a wagon of Flour”</span></p></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enslaved</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (held as a slave):</span><br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">William Lee George Washington’s Valet, </span></p></span><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jack Arabus 7</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Connecticut - sued for his freedom after the war. </span></p></span><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lott Ford served as Substitute in Hall’s 1st Delaware </span></p></span></blockquote><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Substitutes Free or enslaved person hired or brought as Substitute: </span></p></span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span><p style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Joshua Payne 14</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Virginia</span></p></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Often the master or his son, would promise freedom, for service, without the promise being honored. </span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gad Asher 2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">nd</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Connecticut </span></div><div><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Samuel Sutphin New Jersey Militia</span></p></span></div></blockquote><div><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The State or Central Government could buy a enslaved person to serve in the Continental Line. The Rhode Island Slave Soldier Act 1778. Continental Congress offer $400 dollars as compensation to the owners for each volunteer.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">You could have also come from outside this country later in the war: The Spanish joined the war and African soldiers from around the empire fought under General Galves in Florida. Africans in the French forces who fought in the Battle of Savannah, Georgia came from what is now Haiti. They all shared the same hope, but had different reasons.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Africans were divided, serving on both sides, but united by the same desire to be free, wanting to have some control over their lives. Three to five thousand “People of Color” served the American cause; Seven to ten thousand served the British. General Washington would command the most integrated army up until 1948 when Harry S. Truman would re- integrate the army for the Korean War.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">General Washington would also command at least three majority African regiments: </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One from Marblehead, Massachusetts, Glover’s Marble head Marines</span></p></span></li><li><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One from Rhode Island, Lt Colonel Christopher Greens 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">st</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Rhode Island regiment</span></p></span></li><li><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">T</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">he Bucks of America</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (This is a difficult group to document!)</span></p></span></li></ul><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They would play an important part in America’s struggle for independence. In New York, the Marbleheaders would save the American Army from annihilation when they would find themselves trapped against the river at Brooklyn Heights, New York. Under the cover of night and fog, under the noses of the British warships men would quietly row their boats to the entrapped Americans and shuttle them to the safety of the other shore. Some would make that trip as many as eleven times. What many don’t realize is that many of those men rowing those boats were Black sailors from Marblehead, Massachusetts. That night those men saved the American army and allowed us to continue our fight for independence. It could have been all over, finished if not for the actions of these brave men. There would be Blacks that would serve as spies for the American cause. One of which was James Armistead Lafayette. He added the last name to honor the one he was spying for. Having learned information about British going to Yorktown, he proceeded to get that information to Washington. Acting upon the information he received, General Washington would lay siege to the British at Yorktown. The Americans ran into problems when they could not bring their large cannons close enough to the city to use them due to defensive fortifications, readouts, the British had erected. The decision was made that two of the readouts would have to be taken. The Rhode Island regiment was sent in with guns unloaded, bayonets fixed, to take out one of the positions and the French was assigned the other. They accomplished their objectives and the cannon were brought up and effectively used, leading to the surrender of the British. By the end of the war ten to twenty five percent of General Washington’s army would be people of color. The term “person of color” referred to anyone whom was not considered white, so that included the Native Americans as well. Can you imagined what would have happened if General Washington would have had a quarter of his army missing? The truth of the matter it took all of the diverse Americans coming together to win our independence. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Africans at the Battle of Germantown. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Edward “ Ned “ Hector</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> – Bombardier/ Teamster for Proctor’s 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">rd</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Pa Artillery –</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There is a painting of four cannons bombarding the Chew House. That unit is Proctor’s 3</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">rd</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Pa Artillery and it gives you the point of view the Ned Hector would have had during that battle. As a bombardier he is manning one of the three rear positions of the cannon. As a teamster he is hauling the gunpowder and ammunition and most likely pulling a cannon behind his wagon. In the previous Battle of Brandywine he ignored his order to abandon his wagon, horses, and cannon to retreat. Instead, at great risk, chose to save his wagon, supplies, and horses. Sixteen years after his death in 1834, Conshohocken named a street after him. [see painting]</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Oliver Cromwell</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> a Mulatto from New Jersey In July 1777 in Captain’s James Lowery Nathaniel Bowman and Elisa Shreve, Second Regiment NJ. He served at Valley Forge and the Battles of Germantown October 1777, Monmouth June 1778. He was discharged in June of 1783. He got a Land bounty of 100 acres</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sgt.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Issac Brown</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Free Farmer born 1760 Literate served in Colonel Campbell 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ,11</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Virginia Regiments at Brandywine and Valley Forge from Carson City Virginia</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Joshua Payne</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> enlisted as a substitute in Westmoreland County in Colonel Charles Lewis 14</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Virginia regiment </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">William Clark</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a “free mulatto” from Culpeper County, Virginia, for his service in Lt. Colonel John Jameson Dragoons and 2nd Continental Dragoons regiment 1777-1778 Received two 100-acre bounty land warrants.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Daniel Williams</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a free “man of colour” from Accomack, Virginia served in the 7</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, 11</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and 15</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Virginia Continental Army as a wagoner. He was drafted into the army and served 4 to 5 years. After the war he move to Pennsylvania and received two land bounty warrants, one for 100-acres, the other for 200-acres.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Caleb Overton</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a “free man of colour” from North Carolina served for three years in Abram Sheppard 10</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> North Carolina Regiments He enlisted 7/13/77in Captain Robert Melbain, in 8/78 he served in the 1</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">st</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> North Carolina. He received a 274-acre bounty land warrant. Samuel Overton is his Brother</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jack Arabus/Arabas</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> enslaved from New Haven Connecticut Joined Colonel Herman Swift’s 7</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Connecticut regiment from 1777-1783, Sued for his freedom after the war.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Drummer Achmet Hamet</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of Middletown Joined Colonel John.Meigs additional Continental Regiment, He was wounded at Germantown PA He was born in1750’s Pension in 1818 Died 1842 he served at Stony Brook NY and Yorktown VA</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So why should Cliveden, the sight of this battle, see fit to include this article highlighting the African contribution to our efforts toward this country’s liberty? Firstly, to right a wrong inflicted on those who were co-participants in this country’s struggle for liberty. Up until recently their contributions were forgotten, along with others such as women, natives, Spanish, and more. Secondly, to instill a national pride in all Americans. It took all of us coming together to win our liberty. Thirdly, to remind us that African-American history is part of American history. We all need to own it and be grateful for each other. We hope to take pride in our accomplishments and learn from our mistakes and become better for it.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p></span><p> </p></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-66445647579753997762020-06-14T21:03:00.001-07:002020-06-14T21:26:12.698-07:00Happy Flag Day<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIf47v2xFvcThEBAiSPh6htCfvUeA95xowQCvIiQxFFvNiXO4lyoSe1p0DAZto4g_NgDPh6N8b6ksl0O6qQECAfLpa2aDpSk-yUCuJYL4zLBYdXgmOjn5buOI4JDbgYbJ2tQzISdm2ms/s960/flagday.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIf47v2xFvcThEBAiSPh6htCfvUeA95xowQCvIiQxFFvNiXO4lyoSe1p0DAZto4g_NgDPh6N8b6ksl0O6qQECAfLpa2aDpSk-yUCuJYL4zLBYdXgmOjn5buOI4JDbgYbJ2tQzISdm2ms/s320/flagday.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Today we commemorated the adoption of the flag of the United States on June 14,
1777 by resolution of the Second Continental Congress. In doing so, let's take a
look at some interesting events for the month of June, during the American
Revolution, from the African-American perspective. <div><br /></div><div>Prior to the American
Revolution, in the process of colonizing of the Americas, the Dutch, Spanish and
Portuguese armed free and enslaved blacks for defense against the indigenous
natives and each other. Not surprisingly, militarily trained and experienced in
European warfare, the slaves turned on their oppressors. There was much pay
back, and it wasn't pretty, with much killing, and what seems to be a recurring
fear, "debauchery". With the outbreak of hostilities
in British colonies, the home office sought to avoid arming blacks, to spare
fellow countrymen the nightmare of slave rebellion seen in this
hemisphere. However, on the ground, we see British commanders taking initiatives
to the contrary. On June 8th 1775, facing growing unrest, John Murray, the Earl
of Dunmore and Virginia Governor, vacated the capitol aboard an armed ship. With
this, other ships, and a force of 300 soldiers and sailors, he hit the rebels
where it hurt. Sailing up and down the York River he found vulnerable
plantations to plunder, carry off, and recruit blacks to increase the size of
his army. Hearing word of this, escaped slaves flocked to be under his
protection. Lord Dunmore later declared martial law, and issued a proclamation
declaring that indentured servants, blacks, or others subject to rebel authority
free, that were able and willing to bear arms and join the Crown's forces, to put
an end the rebellion. From these recruits, he formed the wars first and largest
black fighting unit, the Ethiopian Regiment. Prompted by John Murray, Lt. Gen.
Thomas Gage sent a communique to London on June 12th, asserting that the
rebellion was a crisis that called for the use of every available resource that can
be brought to bear, even blacks. </div><div><br /></div><div>At the Battle of Bunker Hill June 17th 1775, 100 blacks and Native-Americans are documented to have fought. Noteworthy is Salem Poor, for whom a petition for
exceptional bravery was submitted to the Congress, signed by 14 officers citing
his behaviour like that of an experienced officer and excellent soldier. One Peter
Salem, a slave, who was temporarily released by his master to serve, is credited
to have fired the shot the killed Maj. John Pitcairn. Shortly after Washington
declared that slaves could no longer be recruited for the militia. </div><div><br /></div><div>In 1777 the Continental suffered significant losses in the Philadelphia campaign. Rhode Island regiments were particularly hard hit and unable to fill the ranks with enough able bodied white men to meet its' quota. Taking advantage of the active recruitment of blacks by the British, Brig. Gen. Varnum, was able to convinced Washington to allow the state to recruit slaves. Washington agreed provisionally, based on consultations with the Congress, which bought Varnum time to initiate efforts to recruit black, mulatto, and Native American slaves, but due to the its' unpopularity with state residents the legislature set a cut-off-date of June 10, 1778.</div><div><br /></div><div>At the Battle of
Monmouth June 28th 1778, Captain Arnold's black company, detached from the 1st Rhode
Island, marched with Varnum's Brigade, and fought a holding action against the advancing British.</div><div><br /></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Trenton, NJ, USA40.2205824 -74.75971713.725493688330474 -109.915967 66.715671111669522 -39.603466999999995tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-76030025085845598562019-06-09T20:38:00.002-07:002019-06-09T21:40:05.923-07:00USS Minnesota I<div vocab="http://schema.org">
<div resource="#MINNI" typeof="ship">
<span property="name">USS Minnesota I (1855)</span>
<span content="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/minnesota-i.html" property="URI"></span><br />
<span property="description">Participated in the first naval combat operation in the Civil War
and had a black detachment man a pivot gun.</span>
<a property="member" href="#detachment"></a>
</div>
<div resource="#SSC" typeof="book">
reference: <span property="citation">Soldiers Sailors Citizens: African Americans in the Union Navy</span>
<span content="isbn:0-87580-286-9" property="identifier"></span>
<a property="mentions" href="#detachment"></a>
</div>
<div resource="#detachment" typeof="person">
<span property="description" content="black sailors"></span>
</div>
<div resource="#detachment" typeof="person">
<span property="description" content="black sailors"></span>
<a property="memberof" href="#MINNI"></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-74873662127096819812019-05-31T20:53:00.000-07:002019-06-07T23:37:11.514-07:00Our Man in Charleston<div vocab="schema.org">
<div resource="#OurMan" typeof="Book">
<span property="name">Our Man In Charleston</span><br />
<br />
<li>Description : <span property="description">British consul Robert Bunch's efforts to prevent the re-opening of the African slave trade.</span></li>
<li> URL :<span property="URL"></span></li>
<li> mentions : <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#NegroSeamanAct" property="mentions">Negro Seaman Act</a>
</li>
<li>related : <span property="relatedLink"></span></li>
<li> has part : <span property="HasPart"></span></li>
<li> part of: <span property="isPartOf"></span></li>
<li>Based on :<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3129179187019579783#BNA.FO" property="IsBasedOn">Letters of Foreign Office correspondence</a></li>
<li> author :<span property="name">Christopher Dickey</span></li>
<li>identifier : <span property="identifier">isbn:978-0-307-88727-6</span></li>
<li> URL :<span property="URL" span="">
<div resource="#NegroSeamanAct" typeof="legislation">
<span property="name">Negro Seaman Act</span>
</div>
<div resource="#BNA.FO" typeof="organization">
<span property="name">British National Archives Foreign Office</span>
</div>
</span>
</li>
</div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-35881450329922366262019-05-30T16:02:00.000-07:002019-05-31T21:39:22.767-07:00Forgotten Patriots Book<br />
<div typeof="book" vocab="schema.org">
<i>Description : <span property="description">Identifies over 6,600 names of African Americans and American Indians who contributed to American Independence </span></i>
<ul>
<li>author : <span property="author">Daughters of the American Revolution </span></li>
<li>identifier : <span property="identifier">ISBN:978-1-892237-10-1</span></li>
<li>name : <span property="name :">Forgotten Patriots: AFRICAN AMERICAN
AND
AMERICAN INDIAN PATRIOTS
IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR</span></li>
<li> URL :<span property="URL">https://www.dar.org/sites/default/files/media/library/DARpublications/Forgotten_Patriots_ISBN-978-1-892237-10-1.pdf</span></li>
<li>mentions :<span property="mentions"></span></li>
<li>related : <span property="relatedLink"></span></li>
<li> has part : <span property="HasPart">Forgotten Patriots Supplement 2008-2012 at https://www.dar.org/sites/default/files/media/library/DARpublications/Forgotten_Patriots_Supplement_2008-2001_ISBN-978-1-892237-13-2.pdf</span>
<li> part of: <span property="isPartOf"></span></li>
<li>Based on :<span property="IsBasedOn"></span></li>
</ul>
</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-11225554307647076672019-05-28T21:28:00.000-07:002019-05-30T05:12:22.947-07:00Negro Seaman Act<br />
Laws to restrict the movement of free black seamen in response to the discovery of the Denmark Vesey slave conspiracy, who sought assistance from foreign blacks. County sheriffs were empowered to arrest and jail all black sailors until the ship is ready to sail
<br />
<div resource="http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1980/181/oj" typeof="Legislation" vocab="http://schema.org/">
<ul>
<li>Document name : <span property="name" content="Negro Seaman Act">First Negro Seaman Act.</span>
<li>Date of document : <span property="legislationDate" content="1822">1822</span>
<li>Author : <span property="legislationPassedBy">South Carolina Legislature</span>
<li>Mentioned in : <span property="citation"> Our Man in Charleston</span>
</ul>
<!--{
<> dc:creator [ foaf:name "Sean B. Palmer";
foaf:homepage <http://inamidst.com/sbp/> ] .
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</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-51688440156332301252016-12-02T08:44:00.005-08:002016-12-02T11:07:08.744-08:00John Lawson Medal of Honor Profile<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HyMnLWRzmwZf5wsfowSX4D34r9Hnt-MYVSr-hJRzhvzmV2W6r-4GctRLx76T4b7CXbImpte9ig2eSvJ3R5pCK3MUhE_s397foRNMMHF4siZEbpWxisl50gxvwLoXF9yUAPHtNSTvN7Q/s1600/John+Henry+Lawson.Image.014112.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HyMnLWRzmwZf5wsfowSX4D34r9Hnt-MYVSr-hJRzhvzmV2W6r-4GctRLx76T4b7CXbImpte9ig2eSvJ3R5pCK3MUhE_s397foRNMMHF4siZEbpWxisl50gxvwLoXF9yUAPHtNSTvN7Q/s320/John+Henry+Lawson.Image.014112.png" width="220" /></a></div>
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<b>NAME: </b> Lawson, John<br />
<b>BIRTH: PLACE </b>Philadelphia , Pennsylvania<br />
<b>AGE: </b>26<br />
<b>COMPLEXION:</b> Mulatto<br />
<b>OCCUPATION:</b> Laborer<br />
<b>HEIGHT: </b>5' 8"<br />
<b>BRANCH: </b>Navy<br />
<b>ENLISTMENT PLACE: </b>New York<br />
<b>ENLISTMENT DATE: </b> Dec 3, 1863<br />
<b>TERM OF ENLISTMENT: </b>1<br />
<b>RATING:</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsman_(rank)" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: blue;">Landsman</span></i></b></a><br />
<b>DETAILED MUSTER RECORDS:</b><br />
Date , Vessel<br />
<ul>
<li>Mar 31, 1864 Hartford </li>
<li>Sep 30, 1864 Hartford </li>
<li>Jan 1, 1864 Hartford </li>
</ul>
<b> Date of action :</b> Aug 5, 1864<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b> Citation:</b><br />
On board the flagship <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Hartford_(1858)" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b><i>U.S.S. Hartford</i></b> </span></a>during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in<b> </b><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/mobile-bay.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: blue;">Mobile Bay </span></i></b></a>on 5 August 1864. Wounded in the leg and thrown violently against the side of the ship when an enemy shell killed or wounded the 6-man crew as the shell whipped on the berth deck, Lawson, upon regaining his composure, promptly returned to his station and, although urged to go below for treatment, steadfastly continued his duties throughout the remainder of the action.<br />
<br />
<div>
<b>Attributions:</b><br />
<div style="color: blue;">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-sailors.htm"><span style="color: blue;">Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.homeofheroes.com/"><span style="color: blue;">Home of Heroes</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://wikipedia.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Wikipedia</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Civil War Trust</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-61826403319726188002016-08-18T06:05:00.000-07:002016-08-18T06:05:24.023-07:00The Ex-Slaves Who Fought with the British<div dir="ltr">
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<span style="padding: 0px 6px 0px 0px;"> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=http://www.history.com/news/the-ex-slaves-who-fought-with-the-british&ct=ga&cd=CAEYACoUMTcwMTA3Mzk2OTEyODg2MDExOTcyGjQ1YjAyZjk4MGMxNzlkZDY6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNHPqMDuu1aWCajJ1aABlQtPxpMjGA" style="color: #427fed; display: inline; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"> The Ex-Slaves Who Fought with the British </a> </span> <br />
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Dunmore placed these "<b>Black</b> Loyalists" in the newly formed Ethiopian ... 20,000 <b>black</b> slaves joined the British during the <b>American Revolution</b>.</div>
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Two hundred forty years ago, <a href="http://www.blackloyalist.info/john-murray-lord-dunmore">Lord Dunmore</a>, the governor of Virginia issued a proclamation manumitting slaves and bondsmen whose master was in rebellion against the Crown<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mqIC52Dv3HEC&pg=PA38&dq=lord+dunmore%27s+ethiopian+regiment&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjeo8ON7qzJAhXJdx4KHTCACjgQ6AEILTAD#v=onepage&q=lord%20dunmore's%20ethiopian%20regiment&f=false">*</a>. Clinton and other British officials would declare this policy with the purpose of denying the rebellion a labor force, fomenting servile insurrection, and inflicting economic loss. Thousands of freedom seeking blacks would make their way to British commands to enlist, dwarfing the approximately 5000 that fought for the colonial forces.<br />
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When in November 25, 1783, the last occupying British forces evacuated New York, it took with it 3000 <a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&q=black+loyalists&oq=black+loyalist&gs_l=serp.1.0.0.62600052.62608101.0.62610981.14.7.0.7.7.0.243.940.3j3j1.7.0....0...1c.1.64.serp..0.14.966.WwvvL6vLs1U">black loyalist</a>, fleeing the almost certain fate of being placed back into slavery, or like the rebel slaves who ran away and fought as free men, spend the rest of their lives evading capture.<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-14583807604930125322015-11-09T09:09:00.000-08:002015-11-09T09:09:17.570-08:00Exerpt of : "Men of War" at the Crater by the author.<div dir="ltr">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11pt;">This is from my book:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;">At the siege of Petersburg on July 30, 1964, General </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Ambrose E. </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;">Burnside developed an elaborate plan to tunnel under the Confederate defenses. The tunnel was to be filled with explosives that would damage the Confederate defenses. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">B</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;">lack troops would </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">then </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;">rush in to seize the town. Black troops had gained a reputation for fighting with significant determination and tenacity when charging Confederate works</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> and trained for the attack</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;">. General Grant, however, was not </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">comfortable</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;"> </span><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;">with Burnside's reason for using black troops and substituted them with a more experienced but untrained white division. The switch resulted in a disaster</span><b><span style="font-family: Calibri Bold;">.</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;"> The black troops had been trained to go around the crater created by the explosion. The white troops, however, went into the crater instead of going around it and suffered heavy casualties. General Grant then sent the black troops into the crater to save the white troops, but the element of surprise had been lost. Black troops pushed the rebel line back but suffered heavy losses when the rebels were reinforced.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><ins datetime="2014-05-20T11:04"></ins></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;"> <span lang="X-NONE">Congress called General Grant to come to Washington and explain.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><i>Earlier in his testimony, Grant had said: 'General Burnside wanted to put his colored division in front, and I believe, if he had done so, it would have been a success."</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;">General Grant took the blame for the failure of the attack on his decision to switch black troops for white troops. The Joint Committee agreed with General Grant and suggested that black troops should be used at any hazard if dictated by the situation.</span></div>
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<i><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Calibri Italic;">"Your Committee desire to say that, in the statement of facts and conclusions which they present in their report, they wish to be distinctly understood as in no degree censuring the conduct of the troops engaged in this assault. While they confidently believe that the selection of the division of colored troops by General Burnside to lead the assault was, under the circumstances, the best that could have been made, they do not intend thereby to have it inferred that the white troops of the Ninth Corps are behind any troops in the service in those qualities which have placed our volunteer troops before the world as equal, if not superior to any known to modern warfare."</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="14ea4f3952fb378a__ftnref1"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><u>[1]</u></span></b></a></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri Regular;">General Grant also testified that he switched the use of black troops for white troops in the battle to avoid excessive losses of black troops. A more plausible reason is that General Grant's white troops suffered over 40,000 casualties (The Battle of the Wilderness) on the way to Petersburg just two month earlier. Letting black troops carry the ball into the end zone because they may be better, could have been too humiliating to accept.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This battle is important because it led to Grant's approval of Butler's New Market Heights plan. Congress ordered Grant to use blacks to there ability. Grant relieved Butler for not using black troops in a deadly frontal attack of fort fisher. Black troops were often at the advance of the Union Army and enter Charleston and Richmond first.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman Regular;">John White</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-9573209613466014812013-11-03T07:48:00.001-08:002013-11-03T07:48:37.232-08:00The War of 1812<div style="text-align: center;">
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We were there, on land and on sea, on both sides. An excellent PBS program on the naval side reveals the extent to which Africans participated in the British Navy.</div>
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<iframe frameborder="0" height="376" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" seamless="" src="http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2088022215" width="512"></iframe></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-86743655566147874732013-06-06T07:43:00.001-07:002013-06-06T07:48:10.687-07:00Victory at Monmouth - We Were There<span style="color: yellow;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1st Rhode Island Regiment Re-enactors</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(1st
RI) This year is the 235th </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Battle of
Monmouth. </span>Anniversary commemoration, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A detachment of the </span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/FirstRI" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">1st Rhode Island Regiment</span></a> played and important role in the Continental Army's victory. An estimated 900 black soldiers in various units fought. The 1st RI distinguished itself at what would be one of the largest and deadliest engagements of the American Revolution. The story of black soldiers in this war is complex and often difficult to document. Here is a reprint of a correspondence that gives a sense of the discussion around this topic. <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1deLdlcEii2W95LW-EVRuINPRBH2xjPZTRQzSfY6i4Yw/edit?usp=sharing"><b><i>Read more..</i></b></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtPBO2fc5Sagn_035-KG9FQmpfmve3gGdlo2lDfOWroF1o6ZV9aaR-zMIUA5tG31N-RHxCKZ09qJz8WfV5f79K9gML6FbP6KnHsgYcNQsM4mlNs0tmTcWBlOkiZTv1H1n4kw5z_63Ws-0/s1600/fp1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtPBO2fc5Sagn_035-KG9FQmpfmve3gGdlo2lDfOWroF1o6ZV9aaR-zMIUA5tG31N-RHxCKZ09qJz8WfV5f79K9gML6FbP6KnHsgYcNQsM4mlNs0tmTcWBlOkiZTv1H1n4kw5z_63Ws-0/s320/fp1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/event/200287">AHTV: National Archives &amp; Records Admin. - William Dobak, "Freedom by the Sword" - C-SPAN Video Library</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-14591206886652590222012-03-31T23:47:00.000-07:002012-03-31T23:47:25.616-07:00THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">African American Medal of Honor Recipients Memorial </td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-28549633508423684732012-03-31T23:36:00.000-07:002012-03-31T23:36:06.053-07:00The Battle of New Market Heights<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsIq0i2UHfEZ8hZIONORLcTgOLQdsHSfSc6bK6BTEZZwwy06RSKk_p1h_UJ-d5xG-_uCjJhJI8Nmk_IDLUVL5qsnWJ5dRKlcfs1Cq9mttOisoFH-Wa6bqpa6Ca-V9fPofP1iB14AQC5MQ/s400/Cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsIq0i2UHfEZ8hZIONORLcTgOLQdsHSfSc6bK6BTEZZwwy06RSKk_p1h_UJ-d5xG-_uCjJhJI8Nmk_IDLUVL5qsnWJ5dRKlcfs1Cq9mttOisoFH-Wa6bqpa6Ca-V9fPofP1iB14AQC5MQ/s320/Cover.jpg" width="210" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">United States Colored Troops won the bulk of their Medals of Honor during the Petersburg campaign. The 6th Regiment Infantry USCT earned 3 at New Market Heights.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-794303928472666192012-03-30T20:55:00.000-07:002012-03-30T20:55:47.620-07:00Soldiers’ Memorial at Lincoln University, Missouri<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://jubiloemancipationcentury.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/soldiers-memorial-monument-2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://jubiloemancipationcentury.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/soldiers-memorial-monument-2.gif" width="253" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2#label/USCTBRIGADE/135f256230d7d8d4">Soldiers’ Memorial at Lincoln University, Missouri </a></div><br />
<a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/pengoopmcjnbflcjbmoeodbmoflcgjlk" style="font-size: 13px;">'via Blog this'</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-455467167480384092010-04-05T16:25:00.000-07:002010-04-05T16:25:08.237-07:00Rescue at Pine Ridge, submitted by Leon Brooks<div class="gmail_quote"><div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="MsoNormal">After the Civil War, USCT's whose service was not up were deployed in the west, and would come to be called Buffalo Soldiers<br />
by Native-Americans. Eric Hicks has wtitten a novel about Buffalo Soldiers and submitted the following posting on his new book, and information about other productions.<br />
<br />
Keep telling the story!:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51Mr%2BGOYhuL._SS500_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51Mr%2BGOYhuL._SS500_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">Read the novel, Rescue at Pine Ridge, "RaPR", a great story of black military history...the first generation of Buffalo Soldiers.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">How do you keep a people down? 'Never' let them 'know' their history.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">The 7th Cavalry got their butts in a sling again after the Little Big Horn Massacre, fourteen years later, the day after the Wounded Knee Massacre. If it wasn't for the 9th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers, there would of been a second massacre of the 7th Cavalry.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">Read the novel, "Rescue at Pine Ridge", 5 stars Amazon, Barnes & Noble and the you tube trailer commercial...and visit the website <a href="http://www.rescueatpineridge.com/" target="_blank">http://www.rescueatpineridge.com</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">I hope you'll enjoy the novel. I wrote it from my mini-series movie of the same title, "RaPR" to keep my story alive. Hollywood has had a lot of strikes and doesn't like telling our stories...its been "his-story" of history all along…until now. The movie so far has attached, Bill Duke directing, Hill Harper, Glynn Turman and a host of other major actors in which we are in talks with…see <a href="http://imdb.com/" target="_blank">imdb.com</a> at; <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0925633/" target="_blank">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0925633/</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">When you get a chance, also please visit our Alpha Wolf Production website at; <a href="http://www.alphawolfprods.com/" target="_blank">http://www.alphawolfprods.com</a> and see our other productions, like Stagecoach Mary, the first Black Woman to deliver mail for Wells Fargo in Montana, in the 1890's, "spread the word".</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555;">Peace.</span></div><div><div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><br />
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<div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><div><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Erich & Portia Hicks</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; 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</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Visit: <a href="http://www.rescueatpineridge.com/" target="_blank">http://www.rescueatpineridge.com</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; 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</span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-90869525484794024622009-09-13T21:48:00.000-07:002009-09-13T22:21:45.267-07:00Public Domain Books that Refer to New Market Heights and Colored Troops<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">Submitted by Cpl Brooks<br /></div><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fas_q%3Dbattle%2Bnew-market-heights%26num%3D10%26as_epq%3Dcolored-troops%26as_oq%3D%26as_eq%3D%26as_brr%3D4%26as_pt%3DALLTYPES%26lr%3D%26as_vt%3D%26as_auth%3D%26as_pub%3D%26as_sub%3D%26as_drrb_is%3Dq%26as_minm_is%3D0%26as_miny_is%3D%26as_maxm_is%3D0%26as_maxy_is%3D%26as_isbn%3D%26as_issn%3D%26hl%3Den&hl=en" target="_blank"><img title="21752.jpg" alt="21752.jpg" src="http://www.virginia.org/uploaded_images/21752.jpg" /></a><br /><br /></div><div bg="" marginheight="3"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">Public Domain Books Mentioning Colored Troops</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">and The Battle of Market Heights</span><br /><br /></span></b></div><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">Free books which may be helpful for background on the upcoming commemoration. If you find any particularly notable, please share any comments you have.</span><br /><div> <div style="overflow: auto;"> <div style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 6px;"><a title="" href="http://books.google.com/" target="_blank"></a></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7aCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA917&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="Ohio in the war: her statesmen, her generals, and soldiers" alt="Ohio in the war: her statesmen, her generals, and soldiers" src="http://bks6.books.google.com/books?id=Q7aCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U1NHDn5LLMJf9fJcji0ggA9UZOlyg" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7aCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA917&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">Ohio in the war: her statesmen, her generals, and soldiers</span> - Page 917</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by Whitelaw Reid - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22History%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">History</a> - 1868</span><br /> <div dir="ltr"><b>...</b> 1804. occurred the <b>battle</b> of Chapin's Farm, the storming of <b>New Market</b> <br /><b>Heights</b>, and the capture of Fort Harrison. At daylight the <b>colored troops</b> moved<br /><b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7aCAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DQ7aCAAAAIAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:076xxLsHzKIPn&id=Q7aCAAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eTAOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA338&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="A history of the Negro troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865 ..." alt="A history of the Negro troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865 ..." src="http://bks8.books.google.com/books?id=eTAOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U2ktJw02yB0SG2aiXyY-jGjYVMlFg" border="0" height="80" width="52" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eTAOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA338&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">A history of the Negro <b>troops</b> in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865 ...</span> - Page 338</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by George Washington Williams - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22History%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">History</a> - 1887 - 353 pages</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">Suffolk ' on their colors for their conduct in the <b>battle</b> of March 9th near <b>...</b> <br />"Second-lieutenant Alpheus K. Long, Seventh United States <b>Colored Troops</b>; <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eTAOAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DeTAOAAAAIAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0G5mvoLcbGjhryGEHHRycGp&id=eTAOAAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qh9KAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA210&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="The Drapers in America: being a history and genealogy of those of that name ..." alt="The Drapers in America: being a history and genealogy of those of that name ..." src="http://bks0.books.google.com/books?id=qh9KAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U1rRpLkLOmJUufr-mjpk7_a0SOl4A" border="0" height="80" width="58" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qh9KAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA210&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">The Drapers in America: being a history and genealogy of those of that name ...</span> - Page 210</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by Thomas Waln-Morgan Draper - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22Reference%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">Reference</a> - 1892 - 312 pages</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">John A. Andrew, as to Major Draper's fitness to command <b>colored troops</b>, Col. <b>...</b><br />where he participated in the <b>battle</b> of <b>New Market Heights</b>, Sep. 29, 1864. <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qh9KAAAAMAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3Dqh9KAAAAMAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0ezc_UR_a_Q0-DrU&id=qh9KAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=S-6GAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA847&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States" alt="Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States" src="http://bks2.books.google.com/books?id=S-6GAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U0rxeiTu9A4TJdYvIxAUh8bbNylog" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=S-6GAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA847&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States</span> - Page 847</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by United States. Congress. Senate - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22Biography+%26+Autobiography%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">Biography & Autobiography</a> - 1887</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">Captain WH Barrett, of the Fortieth United States <b>Colored Troops</b>, for faithful<br />and <b>...</b> services at the <b>battle</b> of <b>New Market Heights</b>, and also at the <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=S-6GAAAAMAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DS-6GAAAAMAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0kSZ5o-3rLMxpTY_yS&id=S-6GAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1KQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..." alt="The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..." src="http://bks4.books.google.com/books?id=1KQoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U3vQfP3Q1igOpuerym9q2NVkj6Bxw" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1KQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ...</span> - Page 212</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22Juvenile+Nonfiction%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">Juvenile Nonfiction</a> - 1875</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">I went myself with the <b>colored troops</b>, to attack the enemy at <b>New Market Heights</b><br />, which was the key to the enemy's flank on the north side of James River. <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1KQoAAAAYAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3D1KQoAAAAYAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0vghDmrSvcyX0b&id=1KQoAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmcMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..." alt="The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ..." src="http://bks6.books.google.com/books?id=lmcMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U3YP_0Kn8GHoL2k1bqT4LxLyn3Kiw" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmcMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events of the year ...</span> - Page 212</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22Juvenile+Nonfiction%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">Juvenile Nonfiction</a> - 1875</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">I wont myself with tho <b>colored troops</b>, to attack the enemy at <b>New Market Heights</b><br />, <b>...</b> they are up again and wave their starry light over the storm of <b>battle</b> <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmcMAAAAYAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DlmcMAAAAYAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0DHEFrZpT6lDSV&id=lmcMAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZjkvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA311&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="Civil and Mexican wars, 1861, 1846" alt="Civil and Mexican wars, 1861, 1846" src="http://bks8.books.google.com/books?id=ZjkvAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U2irKoi95DDt4yrwgwUF8Kk9dRWPg" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZjkvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA311&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">Civil and Mexican wars, 1861, 1846</span> - Page 311</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by Military Historical Society of Massachusetts - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22History%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">History</a> - 1913 - 660 pages</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">THE CRATER At the <b>battle</b> of the Crater, at Petersburg, July 30, 1864, the<br /><b>colored troops</b> were ordered in after the assault was a bloody failure. <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZjkvAAAAYAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DZjkvAAAAYAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0s8vZzjpGLvgKx&id=ZjkvAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cqEYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events: Embracing ..." alt="Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events: Embracing ..." src="http://books.google.com/googlebooks/images/no_cover_thumb.gif" border="0" height="80" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cqEYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events: Embracing ...</span> - Page 212</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22Juvenile+Nonfiction%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">Juvenile Nonfiction</a> - 1875</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">I went myself with the <b>colored troops</b>, to attack the enemy at Now Market Heights<br />, <b>...</b> they are up again and wave their starry light over the storm of <b>battle</b> <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cqEYAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DcqEYAAAAIAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0inNbDkG0rpPo_8zeuAfj8t&id=cqEYAAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4a0KAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT632&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="Official roster of the soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the ..." alt="Official roster of the soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the ..." src="http://bks0.books.google.com/books?id=4a0KAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U2dGNjeBksxyAsO-rmh-8r43t8MdQ" border="0" height="80" width="53" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4a0KAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT632&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">Official roster of the soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the ...</span></a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by Ohio. Roster commission - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22History%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">History</a> - 1893</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">1st Lieutenant 5th US <b>Colored Troops</b>, and А. С. М. 3d Division, late 10th AC,<br /><b>...</b> 29, 1864, in <b>battle</b> of <b>New Market Heights</b>, Va. 26 Simpson, William Smith,<br /><b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4a0KAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3D4a0KAAAAIAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span>- <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=editions:0akXFbYOWPsJO3sm2-&id=4a0KAAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">More editions</a></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div> <div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="middle"> <div> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eBpCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA306&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><img dir="ltr" title="The Seventh Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion" alt="The Seventh Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion" src="http://bks2.books.google.com/books?id=eBpCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&sig=ACfU3U1bcAWUqoeHThti1G9DNJYeTxvXjg" border="0" height="80" width="51" /> </a></div></div></div> <div></div></td> <td valign="top"> <div> <h2><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eBpCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA306&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank"><span dir="ltr">The Seventh Regiment <b>New</b> Hampshire Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion</span> - Page 306</a></h2><span style=""><span style="line-height: 1.2em;"><span>by Henry F. W. Little - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?q=+subject:%22History%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">History</a> - 1896 - 677 pages</span><br /> <div dir="ltr">Line of <b>battle</b> was at once formed, and the troops advanced upon the enemy's <b>...</b><br />This assault, made by General Paine's <b>colored troops</b> at <b>New Market Heights</b>, <b>...</b></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Full view</span> - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eBpCAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=4" target="_blank">About this book</a> - <span><a href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=http://books.google.com/books%3Fop%3Dadd%26sig%3DACfU3U3Z-z1cA540KaMSQHqQXfPMYyas8w%26%26id%3DeBpCAAAAIAAJ%26continue%3Dhttp://books.google.com/books%253Fas_q%253Dbattle%252Bnew-market-heights%2526num%253D10%2526as_epq%253Dcolored-troops%2526as_oq%253D%2526as_eq%253D%2526as_brr%253D4%2526as_pt%253DALLTYPES%2526lr%253D%2526as_vt%253D%2526as_auth%253D%2526as_pub%253D%2526as_sub%253D%2526as_drrb_is%253Dq%2526as_minm_is%253D0%2526as_miny_is%253D%2526as_maxm_is%253D0%2526as_maxy_is%253D%2526as_isbn%253D%2526as_issn%253D%2526hl%253Den&hl=en" target="_blank">Add to my library</a> </span></div></span></span></div></td> <td align="right"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div></div></div></div> <div></div><br /><div> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1%"> <tbody> <tr align="middle" valign="top"> <td nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_first.gif" height="26" width="18" /><br /></td><td nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_current.gif" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>1</span> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=10" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_page.gif" border="0" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>2</span></a> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=20" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_page.gif" border="0" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>3</span></a> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=30" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_page.gif" border="0" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>4</span></a> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=40" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_page.gif" border="0" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>5</span></a> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=50" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_page.gif" border="0" height="26" width="16" /><br /><span>6</span></a> </td><td nowrap="nowrap"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&q=battle+new-market-heights+colored-troops&as_brr=4&sa=N&start=10" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="http://www.google.com/nav_next.gif" border="0" height="26" width="100" /><br /><span>Next</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div align="center"><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1490407900063955610&postID=633057789509490811" alt="" height="1" width="1" /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><img src="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1490407900063955610&postID=633057789509490811" alt="" height="1" width="1" /></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div align="center"> <p> </p><hr /> <div style="font-size: 83%; height: 4.5em; text-align: center;"><span><br /></span></div></div><br /></div> </div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-70651877247542879852008-03-26T19:48:00.000-07:002008-03-26T20:05:24.476-07:00Accessible ArchivesReviewing my email I came some interesting material that I had overlooked from<br />Sgt. Algernon Ward. He's found a resource, <a href="http://www.accessible.com/accessible/">'Accessible Archives' </a>, for primary source documents from 18th and 19th century periodicals. Sample:<br /><br /><span><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#000000;"><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#000000;"><b>June 25, 1864<br />THE CHRISTIAN RECORDER<br />Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</b></span></p><p>For the Christian Recorder.</p> <p>FLORIDA CORRESPONDENCE.</p> <p>Head Quarters 3rd U.S.C.T.<br /><a href="http://battleofolustee.org/pics/jacksonville3.htm" target="_blank">Jacksonville</a>, Florida,<br />May 29th, 1864.</p> <p>MR. EDITOR: - I, now, this beautiful Sunday afternoon, sit myself down, according to promise, to write a few lines to you, hoping they may find you and all your friends enjoying good health.</p> <p>I will commence my correspondence with you by giving you my Florida Expeditions. Our regiment left Hilton Head on the 6th of February, for <a href="http://battleofolustee.org/pics/jacksonville.htm" target="_blank">Jacksonville</a>, Fla., and we arrived there on the 8th. Just as soon as we landed we were ordered to camp. Here we remained until the 8th of February, when we received orders, in the night, to surprise the rebel camp, called "Camp Finagan," about ten miles from Jacksonville. We got to the rebel camp about 1 o'clock at night, but were too late to do any good; but we had the pleasure of liberating some of our flesh and blood. There were about two hundred slaves at that place that had the pleasure of saying: "We are free from the chains and fetters of slavery." On the morning of the 9th we were ordered to fall in and march to the next station, called by the natives of the State, "Ten Mile Station." There our mounted infantry had a little skirmish with <a href="http://battleofolustee.org/finegan.html" target="_blank">Gen. Finagan's</a> men, and we captured four pieces of artillery from the rebels; and our regiment, of <a href="http://battleofolustee.org/hawley.html" target="_blank">Col. Halley's brigade</a>, was ordered to stay till the gallant <a href="http://battleofolustee.org/8th_usct.html" target="_blank">8th regiment</a> came up to us....</p></span></span>Corp. Leon Brooks, 6thusct and 1st Rhode Island Regiment<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-19134225255736796512008-03-24T15:25:00.000-07:002008-03-24T15:32:28.547-07:00Philadelphia History Program<div><b><span style="color:#ff0000;">Event: Presenter: JULIE WINCH, Lecture and </span></b></div> <div><b><span style="color:#ff0000;">Booksigning: THE LIFE OF JAMES FORTEN</span></b></div> <div align="justify">Julie Winch is professor of history at the University of<b><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span></b>Massachusetts-Boston, but hardly a stronger to Philadelphia. She has published three books on the history of Philadelphia’s African American community including: <i>Philadelphia’s Black Elite: Activism, Accommodation</i>, and <i>the Struggle for Autonomy 1787-1848,</i> <i>The Elite of Our People</i>, and <i>A Gentleman of Color: The life of James Forten.</i> James Forten was a free man in Revolutionary Era Philadelphia. He earned great wealth as a sailmaker and philanthropist and worked closely with Absolom Jones and Rev. Richard Allen in the anti-slavery movement. Winch notes that when James Forten died in 1842, five thousand mourners, black and white, turned out to honor a man who had earned the respect of society across the racial divide. This is the first serious biography of Forten, who stands beside Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington and Martin Luther King, Jr. in the pantheon of African Americans who fundamentally shaped American history.</div> <b><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></b><div><b><span style="font-size:100%;">Date: March 26, 2008</span></b></div> <div><b><span style="font-size:100%;">Time: 5:00 – 6:30PM</span></b></div> <div><b><span style="font-size:100%;">Admission: $7.00<br /><br />Disribution:circulated by Joe Becton, 3rd Regt USCT/1st Rhode Island Regt.<br /></span></b></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-25238050248727000922007-09-27T05:02:00.000-07:002007-09-27T05:12:21.074-07:00CAMP WILLIAM PENN REGIMENTAL ROSTERS<div align="center"><div style="text-align: left;">News release shared by Joe Becton:<br /><br /></div><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Nearly Eleven Thousand Names Listed</span></div> <div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">La Mott, PA - September 1, 2007 - Phase One of a project to list in a searchable database the names and regimental information of the nearly eleven thousand black soldiers and the white officers who trained them has been completed. These men were the members of the United States Colored Troops (U.S.C.T.) who were trained at Camp William Penn located just outside Of Philadelphia during the years 1863-1865.</span></div> <div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">The men are listed in alphabetical order by rank according to the regiment to which they were assigned. The list also indicates those that were killed in action (KIA) or who were wounded or who died from illness. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that such a list has been available to the general public in this form and on the Internet. The list and the history of each regiment is available on our supported Web site </span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.historic-lamott-pa.com/"><u><span style="font-size:100%;color:#0000ff;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">www.historic-lamott-pa.com</span></span></u></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"> in the section, <i>"Who They Were and What They Did."</i></span></div> <div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">Phase Two of the project will combine all of the names in a compiled searchable database in alpha order.</span></div> <div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">The completion of Phase One was made possible in part by a generous DCED grant sponsored by Pennsylvania State Senator LeAnna M. Washington. The following Westbrook-RockHill Foundation staff workers contributed to the project: Ruth N. Fulton, Rachel Fernbaugh, Judith Girton, Shawna Lacomis and Marlena Masitto. Programming for the project was performed by The Canton Group, LLC who also hosts the site.</span></div> <div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">The non-commercial site does not contain "pop-ups" and in addition to the list it contains a virtual compendium of information about Cheltenham Township, PA, and La Mott which was the site of Camp William Penn. The Web site also contains information about persons and historic events which have been associated with the area.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-79987902389509286472007-07-18T12:58:00.001-07:002007-07-18T12:58:35.584-07:00Re:The 1st Rhode Island at The Battle of Monmouth <div bgcolor="#ffffff"><div><font face="Arial" size="2">Sergeant Becton,</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">Wow, you are correct. Rich Walling missed the June muster roll for Captain Thomas Arnold's detachment. I took a quick look at it (we have a print from the National Archives microfilm), and was able to find most of the names from Louis Wilson's list. At least half of the privates and one musician were African Americans. It is very clear that most of them were at Monmouth (although two were left sick at Valley Forge and perhaps one of those on command was with the baggage at Rocky Hill). Rhodes is noted "sick at Englishtown," and Moses Wickes "sick Princetown." (Was Moses Wickes left at Princetown on the march to Monmouth--or sent back to the Princeton hospital after the battle?) Sick could mean "sick" or lightly wounded. Capt. Arnold is listed as "Wounded Absent."</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">We also have a print of the July muster for essentially the same detachment. This time, however, it is listed as Capt. Jona. Wallen's Company. Capt. Thomas Arnold is listed after Wallen as "sick # Englishtown."</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">In Major-General Nathanael Greene's letter to his brother, Jacob Greene, 2 July 1778, he notes "I had like to have forgot to mention that the Rhode Island Troops were in Action and behavd very well. Capt Arnold is wounded in the Leg."</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">What is uncertain is whether Capt. Arnold's detachment fought with Varnum's brigade at the hedged fence (most likely) or were part of a battalion of picked men (temporary light infantry). Maj. Simeon Thayer, 2nd RI, was wounded while serving as major of a battalion of picked men led by Col. Joseph Cilley, 1st NH. Cilley had men from 20 different regiments with him. Washington had sent Cilley's and Parker's battalions of picked men to attack the British right as it withdrew from the field at the end of the day.</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">I would love to have more particulars on these men. Do any of the primary sources reveal more about the Battle of Monmouth? What about the other men in the detachment? Which are WASPs, which are Native Americans?</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">Thanks!</font></div> <div><font face="Arial" size="2">Antiquary Garry</font></div> </div> <div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-38055354064837739582007-07-10T07:45:00.000-07:002007-08-04T16:29:14.171-07:001st Rhode Island at Monmouth<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://lh4.google.com/6thusct/RrUG1QWhcII/AAAAAAAAAMo/vi-YJs1J4bI/JBecton.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://lh4.google.com/6thusct/RrUG1QWhcII/AAAAAAAAAMo/vi-YJs1J4bI/JBecton.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >It is generally believed that the First Rhode Island regiment did not serve at the battle of Monmouth in June 1778. It is a fact that </span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >after the Valley Forge encampment and retraining, the First Rhode Island Regiment returned to the Highlands Army in New York and New England .<o:p></o:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >What aroused my curiosity were the wounds of Captain Thomas Arnold who lost his right leg and of Richard Rhodes, newly freed African Soldier wounded in the arm. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >These men were both members of the First Rhode Island and should not have been at that battle.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The First Rhode Island created a detachment, on 1 June 1778 ,Windsor Fry and others were detached to Captain Thomas Arnold and fought at the Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey, on 28 June 1778. On 1 July some of them moved to Captain Johnathan Wallen’s compan</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >y.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The Second Rhode Island Regiment and Captain Thomas Arnold's detachment from the First Rhode Island, fought at the Battle of Monmouth. White, Black and Red soldiers served in his detachment.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >The list of Africans who served in Arnold’s detachment and company in June of 1778 comes from the list of Louis E. Wilson of Smith University. It was included in a presentation during a Seminar and Exhibit called "<a href="http://www.dar.org/library/publication.cfm"><span style="font-style: italic;">Forgotten Patriots</span></a>" offered by the DAR at their Headquarters in Washington D.C. January 11, 2003.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" > <o:p></o:p></span></p><div keywords="1st Rhode Island at Monmouth"> <p></p> <table><tbody style="color: rgb(204, 255, 255);" bg=""><tr> <ul><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Edward Anthony, Transferred from the Second Rhode Island in May<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Hampton Barton<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Ebenezer Caesar<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >James Carpenter (Enslaved) New Recruit<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Prince Childs (Possible escaped Slave)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >James Dailey Enlisted 1776 in 9th continental<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Abraham Demos Enlisted in the Militia in September 1776<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >William Frank Enlisted April 20, 1777 in the Militia Transferred in May.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Windsor Fry Enlisted 1775<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >James Greene New recruit<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Frank Gould (Enslaved) enlist January 14, 1777 in 2<sup>nd</sup> RI Transferred in May<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Robert Howland New recruit<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Cuff Peckham Transferred from 2<sup>nd</sup> RI in May<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >John Jehu Pomp Enlisted March 1777<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Richard Dick Potter Enlisted March 1777<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Thomas Reynolds Enlisted January 1777<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Richard Rhodes (Enslaved) New recruit<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >James Robillard Fifer Transferred from the 2<sup>nd</sup> RI<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >George Rogers<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >George Sambo Enlisted March 1777<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Thomas Spencer <o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Solomon Wanton Enlisted in Militia in January of 1777 the 1<sup>st</sup> RI<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Pomp Watson Enlisted May 23, 1777<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Primus Watson (Enslaved) New Recruit<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Prince Watson<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Moses Wickes Transferred from 2<sup>nd</sup> RI<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Jesse Willis New recruit May 1778<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Frances Tefift Transferred from the 2<sup>nd</sup> RI<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Cato Vernom (Enslaved) April 24, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><br /></tr></tbody></table> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Sources:</span></p><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">Captain Thomas Arnold<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Heitmen’s (1914) p.76 "Thomas Arnold" <o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Valley Forge Muster list 1777-1778.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Records of the State of Rhode Island ed, John Russell Bartlett Vol X 1784 to 1792 <o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Providence Press Company (1865) p.166 <o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Private Dick, a.k.a. Richard Rhodes<o:p></o:p> Pension Application 3, April 1818.W2206.448<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Black Courage 1775-1783 Robert Ewell Greene DAR (1984) p.5<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Rhode Island Archives (Folder R) Minorities in the Revolution<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Valley Forge Muster list 1777-1778.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Some Observations of the Black regiment of Rhode Island in the American Revolution p.158<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Hoyt's Index to Revolutionary War Pension Application<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Pension S2970 and W22060 Catherine<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Lewis Wilson List p.45,<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Private Windsor Fry Rhode Island Archives (Folder F) Minorities in the Revolution "Windsor Fry"<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Lewis Wilson List p.45,<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Doctor Stone<br /></span></li></ul><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" >Hopefully this is enough information for you to look into and form your own opinion . Black Courage and Heitman’s list of Revolutionary War Officers will be the easy to get. It is possible that Stryker or Smith may have mentioned Captain Arnold and Private Richard Rhodes as being wounded.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Joseph P. Martin talks about Colonel Joseph Cilly of New Hampshire, rallying Varnum’s troops for the counter attack on pages 126-130. Not George Washington.<br /></span><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Sgt. Joe Becton</span><o:p style="font-style: italic;"></o:p></span></div><div> </div><p style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >First Rhode Island Regiment<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >Captain John Dexter’s Company<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">" I joined the army to obtain my freedom"</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;" align="center"> <hr style="height: 3px;" align="center" size="3" width="100%"> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-14181953109448868962007-06-13T12:42:00.000-07:002007-06-13T13:00:40.203-07:00Civil War Colored Troops Units with New York Soldiers or Officers<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/gfx_hist/titlebar_reghist.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/gfx_hist/titlebar_reghist.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/reghist/civil/other/coloredTroops/coloredTroopsMain.htm">Civil War Colored Troops Units with New York Soldiers or Officers</a> is part of New York State's Unit History Project of the <a href="http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/about.htm">New York State Military Museum and Veterans Resource Center.</a><br />Cpl Brooks<div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3129179187019579783.post-14891536839565795982007-06-04T08:54:00.001-07:002007-07-10T06:56:16.498-07:00American Indian Sharpshooters at the Battle of the CraterCorrection - the link to this article was incorrect. You can now access the article.<img src="http://s.clickability.com/s?19=40004&7=112151&38=1451095849" height="0" width="0" /> <table bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="487"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width: 583px; height: 338px;" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="1%"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/spacer.gif" height="5" width="13" /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td width="99%"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/spacer.gif" height="5" width="1" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td>Original Source:<span style="font-style: italic;"> Civil War Magazine article </span>- available at History.net<br /><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/spacer.gif" height="1" width="1" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td bgcolor="#cccccc">According to this article 20,000 Native-Americans fought in<br />the Civil War - on both sides. The article provides some insights<br />about the Native-American participation in the Civil War<br />treatment, as well as their role at the Battle of the Crater.<br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td bgcolor="#cccccc"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/spacer.gif" height="1" width="2" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td class="fontbold">Click the following to access the link:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="fontspacer"><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td class="fontspacer"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" class="fontlargebold" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/american_civil_war/7460182.html" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" target="_blank">American Indian Sharpshooters at the Battle of the Crater</a><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">*</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="6%"><br /></td> <td width="39%"><br /></td> <td width="55%"><br /></td> </tr> <!-- <tr> <td width="6%" align="center" valign="top"> </td> <td width="39%"><a href="http://www.savethis.clickability.com/st/saveThisPopupApp?clickMap=saveFromET&partnerID=112151&etMailToID=1451095849"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/btn-save-link.gif" width="115" height="20" border="0" alt="SAVE THIS link" /></a></td> <td width="55%"><a href="http://www.emailthis.clickability.com/et/emailThis?clickMap=forward&etMailToID=1451095849&partnerID=112151" target="_blank"><img src="http://images.clickability.com/eti/btn-fwd-link.gif" width="131" height="20" border="0" alt="FORWARD THIS link" /></a></td> </tr> --> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 2px;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><br /></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td class="font-gr"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><div class="blogger-post-footer">Get the latest posting.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0